All time sheets are stored and available to export indefinitely through your Vessel Dashboard via the Review page. This includes timesheets for crew members that have left the vessel.
If you have bulk exported time sheets for a particular month, all previous bulk exports will be available indefinitely via the Exports page in your Vessel Dashboard.
Good to know:
If you are going back further than one year, the way the timesheets are stored is slightly different and will likely take slightly longer to appear/download.